kingdom of laos

)proven reserves: 503 million metric tons (2019 est. [171], As of 2018, Laos has three theatres dedicated to showing films.[172]. TFR is higher in rural and remote areas, among ethnic minority groups, the less-educated, and the poor; it is lower in urban areas and among the more educated and those with higher incomes. Although Laos mortality rates have improved substantially over the last few decades, the maternal mortality rate and childhood malnutrition remain at high levels. As fertility and mortality rates continue to decline, the proportion of Laos working-age population will increase, and its share of dependents will shrink. The age structure shift will provide Laos with the potential to realize a demographic dividend during the next few decades, if it can improve educational access and quality and gainfully employ its growing working-age population in productive sectors. Currently, Laos primary school enrollment is nearly universal, but the drop-out rate remains problematic. Secondary school enrollment has also increased but remains low, especially for girls., Laos has historically been a country of emigration and internal displacement due to conflict and a weak economy. A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. [54][55], The conflict between Hmong rebels and Laos continued in key areas of Laos, including in Saysaboune Closed Military Zone, Xaisamboune Closed Military Zone near Vientiane Province and Xiangkhouang Province. ), production: 16.04 million metric tons (2020 est. Fa Ngum, also spelled Fa Ngoun, (born 1316died 1374), founder and first king of the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang who created the first unified state of the Lao people. Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. WebU.S. History [edit | edit source] The Lao Kingdom )permanent pasture: 3.7% (2018 est. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, total: 8.15 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. ), Thailand 53%, China 26%, Vietnam 10% (2019), refined petroleum, cars, cattle, iron structures, steel products (2019), $1.476 billion (31 December 2021 est. Only 4% of the country is arable land and a mere 0.3% used as permanent crop land,[120] the lowest percentage in the Greater Mekong Subregion. [104] Later reports have contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years in prison. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. )wine: 0.07 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of press and assembly. $2.99 + $2.50 shipping . There is limited external and internal telecommunication, but mobile phones have become widespread. [77] Pressure to resettle the refugees grew as the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps. [89], The European Union,[90] UNHCHR, and international groups have since spoken out about the forced repatriation. [86] In 2004 and 2005, thousands of Hmong fled from the jungles of Laos to a temporary refugee camp in the Thai province of Phetchabun. Recently, the country has faced a persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and growing public debt. For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety khao kam in small quantities near the farm house in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.[162]. Laos has the youngest population of any country in Asia with a median age of 21.6 years. )industry: 33.2% (2017 est. [48], Some 80million bombs failed to explode and remain scattered throughout the country, rendering vast swaths of land impossible to cultivate. )investment in inventories: 3.1% (2017 est. Laos has nine daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and 32 TV stations operating throughout the country. Sample translated sentence: . Archaeological exploration in Laos has been limited due to rugged and remote topography, a history of twentieth century conflicts which have left over two million tons of unexploded ordnance throughout the country, and local sensitivities to history which involve the Communist government of [181], Association football is the most popular sport in Laos. [140], Laos has made particularly noteworthy progress increasing access to sanitation. [155], The adult literacy rate for women in 2017 was 62.9%; for adult men, 78.1%. Laos held the chairmanship of ASEAN in 2016. Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. WebFind the perfect Kingdom Of Laos stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Where is the Lao royal family? Select from premium Kingdom Of Laos of the highest quality. )government consumption: 14.1% (2017 est. ), total: 31.8% (2020 est. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. Thailand (invested US$4.489billion) and Vietnam (invested US$3.108billion) are the second and third largest investors respectively. Shortly after, the Kingdom of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane were added to the protectorate. [178] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people. The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. [28], Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang ('million elephants'), which was founded in the 13th century by a Lao prince, Fa Ngum,[29]:223 whose father had his family exiled from the Khmer Empire. ), municipal: 130 million cubic meters (2017 est. [43] As a result, 53% of the population of Vientiane, 85% of Thakhek, and 62% of Pakse were Vietnamese, with only the exception of Luang Prabang where the population was predominantly Lao. He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. However, the latter is considered pejorative, meaning 'slave'. Under Vietnamese pressure, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826. [124] Laos may have the greatest number of rice varieties in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Since the founding of the Lao PDR in 1975, very few films have been made in Laos. ), 185 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. Mon-Khmer groups, the Hmong, and other indigenous hill tribes live in the foothills and mountains. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. Laos's first expressway, the VientianeBoten Expressway, parallels both Route 13 and the BotenVientiane railway; the first section from Vientiane to Vang Vieng was opened in 2020, with other sections under construction. Mountain/hill tribes of mixed ethno/cultural-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos, which include the Lua and Khmu people who are indigenous to Laos. Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai, "Let's hope Laos hangs on to its identity", "Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices", Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 18601945, "Laos Encyclopdia Britannica Overview", "Making More Enemies than We Kill? An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. )9,045.788 (2020 est. ), total population: 68.15 yearsmale: 66.49 yearsfemale: 69.88 years (2022 est. Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand, west of Vietnam, total: 236,800 sq kmland: 230,800 sq kmwater: 6,000 sq km, about twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly larger than Utah, total: 5,274 kmborder countries (5): Burma 238 km; Cambodia 555 km; China 475 km; Thailand 1,845 km; Vietnam 2,161 km, tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April), mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus, highest point: Phu Bia 2,817 mlowest point: Mekong River 70 mmean elevation: 710 m, timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones, agricultural land: 10.6% (2018 est. In the late 19th century, Luang Prabang was ransacked by the Chinese Black Flag Army. Additionally, many elite and French-educated Lao immigrated to nations such as the United States and France to escape government persecution. According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. Laos' economy is heavily dependent on capital-intensive natural resource exports. [57], Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, and it lies mostly between latitudes 14 and 23N (a small area is south of 14), and longitudes 100 and 108E. ), total: 128,000 (2020 est. Now the Lao People's Democratic Republic . )0.5% (2020 est. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. Laos is in the process of implementing a value-added tax system. The mountainous geography of Laos had impeded Laos's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century. Shop with confidence. [135] The European Council on Trade and Tourism awarded the country the "World Best Tourist Destination" designation for 2013 for architecture and history.[136]. [130] According to the Global Hunger Index (2018), Laos ranks as the 36th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s). ), 1.26% (2021 est. A post-independence civil war began, which saw the communist resistance, supported by the Soviet Union, fight against the monarchy that later came under influence of military regimes supported by the United States. [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. Million metric tons ( 2019 est decades, the Hmong, and growing public debt refugee camps,... Last few decades, the Hmong, and other indigenous hill tribes live in the Greater Mekong Subregion limited... 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